Cooling system for the valves of internal-combustion engines



'June 5, 1928.

J. W. SMITH COLING SYSTEM' FOR THE VALVES OF INTERNAL COMBUSTJQON ENGINES Filed Jan. 15, 1925 5 Sheets-Sheet l WML.

INVEN TOR: Joh@ Wmiv, B'Y-gyfZuA/g ATTORNEYS.

June 5, 1928.

J. W. SMITHV COOLING SYSTEM FOR THE VALVES OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Filed Jan. 13, 1925 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 lNr/Ezvrolg: l Jo/zn W. muiz,

, ATTORNEYS.

June 5, 192s. 1,672,003

J. W. SMITH COOLING SYSTEM FOR THE VALVES OFv INTERNALACOMBUSTION ENGINES Filed Jan. 1,3, 1925 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 QE E WI TNESSES A IN V EN TOR:

I j m dbimwmfm J Aiv June 5,- 1928.

J. w. sMlTH COOLING SYSTEM FOR THE VALVES OFKINT'ERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Filed Jan. 15, 1925 5 sheetssheet 5 mm w T E N 1 u ,m w

Y B /0 9 n:

W1 TNESSES I Patented June. 5, 1928.

unirsi) sfiaris JOHN vv.y SMITH, or IriILAmiLrma,` PENNSYLVANIA cooLING sY'srEM'FoR THE VALVES Application ined January This invention, in its broader aspects, coni-A Hs and cooled, and valso included in said cycle is radiating means effective todissipate the*` heat picked up by theA fluid mediumv during circulation. l Y. I n The primary object of the present inveiition. isdirected to the cooling of induction and exhaust valves of internal combustion engines, and is herein illustrated by typical examples that serve to clearly set forth the novel features involved.- i

It isknoivn that the specific heat of lubri-.y

cating fiuids is less than half that of Water With a correspondingly inferior conductivity, hence a comparatively rapid movement of 525 the lubricatiVe-fiuid medium over the partsy to be cooledy must be ensured. i Accordingly I arrange Within the above referred to cycle. suitable circulatingmeans effective to bring about the .requisite rapid distributionof the :zo fluid medium. Furthermore, Within the cycle a rapid movement of the Huid medium is effected by the reciprocatory yaction of the induction and exhaust valves, as Well as. the

valve actuatinginechanism, such mechanism causing a splashing or pumping of the fluidf medium over the parts to be cooled and overy a radiator functional. to dissipate heat.

Thelub`r`icative-cooling cycle also includes a suitable radiator. for dissipating heat col-1 lected by t-he fluid medium, said radiator inthe typified examples being illustratedas' forming some part of the engine; but it is to be explicitly understood such heat dissip'ating means may be locatedjremote from the engine by the employment of-a` radiator similar to that'used in the` Well known WaterA cooled system. s

Subsidiary objects are-the attainmentof noiseless valve action With correlated .reductionin Wear of the moving parts; and a higher rcompression' duey to better cooled valves and associated parts.

With the-foregoing and kother objects in View, which V Will be apparent from the fol#A eseription, my invention consists of rs nereinafter fully set foi-th,- typi:

Fundamental` to thisV INTERNAL-COMBUSTION EGINES.

13, 1925.y Seria1"`N0. 2,054.

cally yillustrated in the accompanying sheets of drawings, and succinctly defined as to subject-matter and scope by reasonable interpretation accorded the subjoined claims.y

. In the drawings l yFig. I, is a side elevation of an cnclosedl type internal combustion engine embodying the present improvements, With parts broken away and lin section to better illustrate certain underlying features. f z

Fig. II, is an end View of the engine, similar-ly having parts removed and in section', as Well as featuring `the circulating connections hereafter more fully described.

Fig. III', is an enlarged sectional View` l i 1,672,003- vrii'xraNT oFFicE.

through one of the engine cylinders, head andfassociated valve actuating mechanisms.

Fig. IV, is a sectional elevation of anotherl type of internal combustion engine having my invention applied thereto. Y

j Fig. V, is asectional View of a cani-y actuated valve embracing another typical form ofthe invention; and,

Fig VI, is a `fragmentary-detail View illustrating a'modified location of discharge for `the cooling 4medium circulated through the valve typified by the'preceding figuref Referring to the drawings, lile characters of reference designate corresponding parts in all thek views, and it isl to be understood that While thefpresent` application mainly relates to improvements involving cooling of rthe inductionv and exhaust valves in internal combustion engines, the invention neverthe less embraces phases susceptible of general application.` d A, .l a i l According to the embodimentshown by Figs I-III, which illustrate the applica-y tion of my improvements to an internal combustion engine 7, having anenclosed casing 8 through which air is circulated `by means of a fan 9 directly vdriven by theA crankshaft 10, it is to be observed that the engine cylinders' 11 are surmountedA by a head-block or valve-casing 12 of novel formation. This.

cylinder., head-block or, valve-casing 12, as best seen from Fig. III, is designed to providea fuel intake `13 communicating Withv` the induction manifold 14:;` and an outlet 15,

connecting into the exhaust manifold 15,- Fig.f,I'If--as Well as a dished camshaft casing 16 constituting a fluid container which is covered in by means of a radiator cap 17 se-fl cured thereto with a Huid-tight 'oijlit by stud bolts 18.61 The 1 aforesaid outlet i5 is con-I exhaust valve 20, While the induction manifold 14 is mounted on the combustion chamber 12 to receive a valve cage 21, for the induction valve 22, said valve cage being removably held in place` by means of a lock collar 23 and stud bolts 24.

rIhe )exhaust valve -best shown in F ig.

III#it will be seen is providedwith a tubular stein 25 connecting into an enlarged bulbous head 2G integral with said valve;

While the stem 25 is reduced in diameter at 27 forming a cavity to collect the leakage of gases from the combustion chamber, andv grooves 23 retard the leakage of said gases teriorly grooved at 30.

as Well as assist in preventing an over supply of oil. The valve stem 25 is reciprocably supported in the tubular stem 29 of the induction valve 22, the latter in turn being afforded bearing in the valve cage 21. It is to rbe noted that the tubular stem 29 is much shorter than the above referred to exhaust valve stem 25, and that it is, also, ex-

The induction valve stem '29 is reduced in diameter at 31 intermediate its endand provided with communicatino` holes 32 for equalizing the gas pressure in the cavity set up by the reduced part 31 and radial holes 32, While it is made a sliding fit in the valve cage 21. This tubular valve stem 29 is The exhaust valve stem 25 is provided Withv radial holes 38 and externally screw-threaded at its outer end -to receive a shouldered nuty 39, that supports a spring Washer 40, having an annular flange 41 accommodating` one end of a valve spring 42, the other end whereof yis housed within a substantially U-section support 43, which it will be observed is freely accommodated Within the tubular portion 44 of theradiator casing 17-closed in at 45. By slidably fitting the exhaust valve stem 25 `through the induction valve stem 29 With provision of the cavities 27` 31 and communicating holes 32, I am-enabled'to effectivelyv lubricate said stems by a novel means in.

which gas pressure from the combustion chamber, trapped in the annularcavities 27, 31, is utilized to prevent ay surplus of the lubricant cooling medium being ypumped thro-ugh the valve stems into the combustion chamber.

The exhaust. valve 20, is comparatively smaller in diameter tha the induction valve 22';y while the valve cage 21, is fitted ifo the counter-bore 7G, of the cylinder head 12, with the inner end suitably ground at 77 to provide a seat for the induction valve 22. Thusit Will be readily apparent that by removing tlie radiator 17, each coordinated inlet and exhaust valve unit may be bodily Withdrawn for repair, renewal, or cleansing, with a minimum expenditure of time and labor.

The radiator casing 17 is ported to provide an inlet 46, communicating into a feedr pipe 47 of slightlyv less caliber than the bore of the exhaust valve' stemv25 so as to afford an annulai'clearance 43.- i'in out-let 49 and pipe 50 are provided in the radiator casing 17 for conducting the cooling medium back to the chaindrive casing Where it is thrown off in a spray byfthe movingclia-in andy sprocket Wheels thus bringing the fluid in contact With the engine casing 7 which func-y tions an additional coolingmeans,fand from whence it returns to themain reser# voir 54.

Suitably supported on an appropriate base 53 in the engine lrank case 54 a force-feed circulating pump 55 driven. by suitable gears 56,.'from the cam shaft 57 'through the medium of a coordinating shaft 58. Distributing communication from the circulating pump 55, to. the inlet 4G, is afforded through suitable passages 59 in the engine body, or suitable fittings therein, and an exposed pipe (iO-F ig. IIWhich is connected in situ by nipples G1, as Will be readily understood biy those having ordinary knowledge of such matters.

The means effective to operate and control the induction and Vexhaust valves 22, 2O respectively, comprise opposediyfdirected roiler arms 62 rulcrumed onI shafts b4.- t5.

journaled lengthwise in the camshaft easofFig. III, While thefcrlfted' ends of said fingers abut the outer end of the' extension tube 31 andthe inner end of the shoulderedl nut 39, clearly shown in the referred to illustration. The cam shaft 5.7 isfcoorcinated With the crank shaft 19v by any suitable transmission, such` as chainv and lsprocket drives; 73, 74, 75,-I1ig. I," s;

Referring now to Fig. IV, which illustrates the adaptation of my'impro'vements to anothertype ofv internal combustion engine therpaits Which. in aA general sensear'e equivalents of those previously` described rin detail. are correspondingly designated,

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remarked that the `injection tube or feed Apipe 47 is stationary,`while the valve stem 25 is slidably mounted in a tube 77 fitted into the oblique bearing housing 78, said" tube having a flange 79 intermediate its ends, between which end and a collar SO-onythe outer end of the stem 25-there is interposed a spring 81 under compression.l The means eifectivein this form of my invention to lift the valve 20, comprises a forked arm 82, pivoted at 83, to a 'bearer 84 capable of vertical adjustment through the mediumof aset screw 85 and slot. 86, andto be secured 'at the desired adjustment by a lock-'stud 87, as will be readily appreciated by yan examination of the drawings. The ,foiiked arm 82 is provided with a roller 66 cooperative with a cam 68 as hereinbeforc set forth; while the fluid conducting holes are similarly designated 38, whereas .the overflow from the cam shaft casing 16 is by way of an aperture 88 so that said overflow returns directly into the main .reservoir 54,'with incident splashing of the crank 10.

. In some applications .of my invention it may be desirable that the injection tube ror Vfeed pipe'47 may bemade reciprocatory` so asv to follow the movements ofthe valve 20. Such an adaptation .of` this invention is illustrated by Figs. V and VI; and from which, it willbe readily seen that the tube.

an aperture 95 registering into the port 92,

above referred to, as well as communicating with the fluid inlet 96. Fluid exit in this type of the invention, from the annular clearance 48 interveningr the tube or pipe 47 andthe valve stem 25, is by way of` elongated slots 97, and an outlet orifice 98. A lock nut 99 serves to secure the adjusting stud 89 `and hollow head 90 in rigid con nection, while it is preferably provided with a polygonal section or head 100, whereby it may be gripped by a suitable tool when effecting adjustments.

In some instances, instead of providing the elongated slots 97 in the valve stem 25, I may make use of exit ports 101 in the adjusting stud 100, at right angles to the flow through said stem 25, as clearly shown by Fig. VI.

From the foregoing it is thought that the operation of my novel lubricative fluid cooling system whereby both the induction and exhaust valves 22, -as well as their stems 29, -are effectively cooled and'lubricated willv be self-evident without further explanation; but it is deemed desirable to emphasize the formationof' said valve stems hollow to accommodate4 the feed tubes 47 or 47, 'said tubes terminating short of. thc bulbous heads 26 withl provision of the annular clearances 48.v Also, in operation, it 1s to be" particu-v larlyv observed that, the lubricative'cooling p medium-conventionally designated m ,iny the several figures-will be' circulated the pump 55 from the'crank case'54, through the passages 59 and pipe 60, into the'feed pipe 47er 47, from which it will emitunder forced pressure into the bulbous Vhead 26 of the valve 20as1indicated by the arrows in the 'different views. `As ,a result of the forced feed for the lubricative cooling mcdium m in-the mannerstated-it will be apparent that the valve heads will be. continuously cooled,- `while-said medium-rfiowing through the `annular clearances 48 similarly cools the valvevstems 25, 29. S1-

multaneously some of the lubricative cooling attraction eifectively'lubricate the respective valvestems 25, 29. 'I Obviously dischargev of the lubricative cooling medium'm from the outer ends ofthe valve stems 25, 29 yflows into the cam-shaft casing 16, wliereit' serves 'to lubricate the valve actuating [mechanisnn whereas the overflow returns by way of the conduit 50 orv outlet 88, to the main reservior 54, in the manner, and for .the pur,-y poses, hereinbefore set forth.A Incidentally, it is noteworthy that the reservoir 54 also acts as a radiator for dissipatingvthe heat of the cooling iiuid m. Another important phase 0f my invention is the use of a lubricative cooling medium, and in this connection, such medium is to beconsideredfas including all fluentmatter possessing the dual properties of lubricating and cooling when circulated.V in the manner hereinbefore set forth.

AAttention is likewise directed to the adequate cooling surface affordedthe cam-shaft casing radiator 17-againstwhich the fluid is ysplashed-by providing th-e upper part 17 thereof with cooling fins f about which air is circulated by thev fan 9. However,

valves cooled by the lubricative-fluid mediico v be dissipated through contact with the water cooled zone. f

y In conclusion, it willbe obviousthat I have devised a novel and useful lubricatingfluid cooling system which constitutes a. coolingv yemplifies the gist of this ninvention in a manner whereby others-by applying current knowlede-ma readil` adant it for diveru C2 l o I A n v sified application without omitting certain features that constitute essential character-` istics of the generic aspect thereof. Accordingly all intended. to-be comprehended within the meaningv and range of equivalency fairly accorded the following claims.

Havingv thus described my invention, I claimz*4 l. A valve for internal 'combustion en` gines having a hollow stem, a co-axial tubular conduit Within said vstem terminating short of `the valve with provision of an annularclearance, means for circulating a lubricative-cooling medium therethrough and .around .the valve4 stem7 and means forI dissipating heat accumulated by said cooling medium during circulation.

2. A valve for internal combustion engines having a hollow stem. a` co-axialstationary conduit within said stem defining an annular clearance7 means for circulating a vlubricative-cooling medium through the conduit and annular clearance as well as around the hollow stem, means for reciproeatingv the valve, and a radiator effective to dissipate heat from the circulating medium.

3. A valve for internal combustion engines having a hollow stem, a coi-axial conduit within the stem defining an annular such adaptations should-and are clearance, means for. circulating'a lubricative-cooling medium therethrough and thereabout with circuitous flow, and means for effecting reciprocation of the conduit coincident with opening and closing of the valve.

4L. A valve unit for internal combustion engines comprising relatively rec-iprocable co-axial induction and exhaust valves having holloiY interiors defining a circuitous course for lub'ricative-cooling medium therethrough and thereabout, and means for radiating accumulating heat therefrom. f

5. A valve unit for internal combustion engines comprising relatively reciprocable induction and exhaust valves having tubular stems, a co-aXialconduit defining flowand-return passages through said stems, means for circulating a lubrica-tivefcooling medium therethrough and about the respective tubular stems, and a radiator for said valve effective yto dissipate accumulating heat.

G. A valve unit for internal combustion engines comprising relativelyl reciprocable induction and exhaust valves having tubular stems, a co-aXial conduit defining flow-v and-return passages through ysaid stems, means for circulating a lubricative-cooling 'medium therethrough and thereaboutwith forced feed, means for relatively opening and closing the aforesaid valves, and a radiator closure for said unit functional rto ydissipate heat accumulated during circulation of the cooling medium.

In testimony whereof, I havev hereunto signed my name at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, this *th* day ofJanuary.- 1925.

JOHN W. SMITH. 

